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Traditional clothing of Kosovo
Traditional clothing (folk costume) is one of the factors that has differentiated this nation from neighboring countries, dating back as far as the Illyrian era.〔Halimi-Statovci, pp.9-10.〕 The evolution this attire has undergone, has been in service of modernization and contemporary style, however, the fundamental symbols and motives by which these garments are designed tend to resemble Illyrian antiquity.〔Halimi-Statovci, p.81.〕 The materials and the traditional ways by which these clothes have been made throughout history have not changed much. The utilities which are used in the creation of these clothes are characteristically Kosovar, called ''vegjë'' or ''vek'', which is a loom (resembling the English spinning jenny and flying shuttle). The methods of obtaining the materials and clothes have remained the same. The motifs and patterns on these garments can be explained by prehistoric religion. Triangles, rhombuses, circles and crosses occur frequently,and they are known as symbols of health and fertility.〔 Chromatically, there are three main colors in these clothes, the most symbolic of which is red.〔
==Historical origin==
Among 140 types of traditional Albanian costumes, the Podgur's attire ''Veshja e Podgurit'' is Kosovar, differentiated by its variety and is an influence in all other regions.〔Xhemaj, p. 139.〕 This costume belonged to the majority of the Illyrian and Albanian regions included in the international framework. The clothing items consist of the shirts of men and women, which are wide sleeved with a narrow collar which was buttoned up and a white traditional hat worn by men called ''plis'', leather moccasins or ''opinga''. According to archaeologists of the Museum of Pristina, Podgur's clothing dates back to the 5th and 4th century BC.〔 However, transformations of this costume happened due to different social and cultural situations, technical inventions and also element exchange between the ethnic groups. From field investigation, it has been reported that in the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century, women's clothing went through morphological changes.〔Xhemaj, p. 141.〕 The 19th-century look consisted of the combing of their hair and braiding them. They also wore red semi-spherical shaped hats which were embellished with tiny gold coins. Around the crown of the hat they wore a tight lace, ''lidhëse'', which was 60 cm long. It was tied so that their hair remained hidden. ''Marhama'' is a type of material which was worn along their neck and chin, but the embroidered tail of ''marhama'' was laid down along the right shoulder, and it was called ''masdorja''.〔 The shirt was of foot-length and the sleeves were long and wide, approximately 35 cm and also embroidered. ''Shtjellakët'' (pështjellakët, mbështjellakët) which were pieces of material that resemble an apron, were big in size and tight in width, and it had geometrical motives, such as an axe or a circle. The moccasins were made from the skin of cattle and knitted with pieces of sheep skin. They were called ''gogishte'' moccasins. As belts, they wore woolen material called ''shokë'' which were knitted using a loom. It was of 3 cm width, and the embroidered part was tied on the back. Their colors were very characteristic and different, such as red, green, yellow and black.〔Xhemaj p. 142〕 Children of rich families had their clothes knitted by tailors and that made them look like any other grown man. From puberty and on, children's clothing becomes more detailed. In this age boys start to wear ''plis'', where as in cold days they wore scarfs and ''tirqe'', traditional white woolen pants. In the celibacy age boys wore ''tirqe'' (which were always white ), ''plis'' and vests. However, children clothing in general is characterized by its simplicity. It consists of a knee length shirt which is made of white fabric combined with vertical ''shokë'' which was of chestnut color. The wearing of ''shokë'' by children was very rare ; it was only worn during the years they were celibate and wanted to impress women their social circle.〔 In youngster clothing, the white and black color were worn more often, whereas blazers were also enriched with red, yellow, green, and brown. During cold weather, youngsters also wore a certain type of hat called ''kapulace''. It was made of woolen threads which were skull-shaped and they covered every part of the head and face except the eyes and nose. Blazers were also part of the youngster attire and were made of soutane, resembling the adult costume. Boys wore shoulder-length hair.〔Xhemaj p. 143〕
Before costumes were knitted by tailors, the models were first cut out in Peć. This was done once a year, during fall or winter.〔Xhemaj p. 145〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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